LL-37
5mg · 99%+ Purity
Description
LL-37 is a cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide researched for its immunomodulatory effects beyond direct pathogen killing. Studies explore its role in inflammation, wound healing, and angiogenesis models.
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Research & Science
Evidence-based information about this compound
Chemical Properties
CAS Number
154947-66-7
Molecular Formula
C205H340N60O53
Molecular Weight
4493.33 g/mol
Amino Acid Sequence
LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES
Also known as:
Cathelicidin, hCAP18, CAMP
LL-37 is the only cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide found in humans. It consists of 37 amino acids beginning with two leucine residues (hence the name LL-37). This peptide is a crucial component of the innate immune system and is produced by immune cells, epithelial cells, and various other cell types.
Beyond its direct antimicrobial effects, LL-37 has been recognized as a multifunctional host defense peptide with roles in inflammation modulation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and immune cell regulation. Its discovery has opened new avenues of research in immunology and infectious disease.
LL-37 is naturally produced in response to infection and inflammation, where it serves as both a direct antimicrobial agent and an immune system modulator.
LL-37 functions through multiple mechanisms:
- Direct Antimicrobial: Disrupts bacterial, viral, and fungal membranes through its amphipathic structure.
- Immunomodulation: Modulates immune cell function, cytokine production, and inflammatory responses.
- Wound Healing: Promotes wound healing through effects on epithelial cells and angiogenesis.
- LPS Neutralization: Binds and neutralizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reducing endotoxin-induced inflammation.
- Chemotaxis: Acts as a chemoattractant for immune cells.
LL-37's antimicrobial properties have been extensively studied:
- Broad Spectrum: Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
- Membrane Disruption: Kills microbes by disrupting their cell membranes.
- Biofilm Activity: May penetrate and disrupt bacterial biofilms.
- Resistance: Microbial resistance to LL-37 is less common than to conventional antibiotics.
These properties make LL-37 valuable for infectious disease research.
Beyond direct antimicrobial effects, LL-37 modulates immune responses:
- Cytokine Modulation: Influences production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
- Immune Cell Activation: Affects function of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
- Inflammation Balance: Can both promote and resolve inflammation depending on context.
- Adaptive Immunity: May bridge innate and adaptive immune responses.
This immunomodulatory capacity extends LL-37's research applications beyond simple antimicrobial use.
Sources:
This information is provided for educational purposes only and is based on published scientific research. This product is intended for research use only.
